EUROPE’S PROGRAMS
Europe’s Industry Banks on Success, Pushes Ahead
THE AMBITIOUS PLANS intended to establish European space independence are based on a long history of success and continuity. Banking on that success, individual countries and industry leaders are working to develop new space systems. Early teething troubles, both with satellites and U.S. launchers, were largely worked out with the first satellites from the European Space Research Organization (ESRO), set up in 1964.